


Non-mainstream theories, though have lent the date 948 from the imperial historiography, and have ascribed Cossack earlier existence to the tenth century, but have denied Cossack links to both "the old people" (Khazars) and "the new people" (Russians, part of the latter people turning into Ukrainians in the 20th century, the very terms "old people" and "new people" being coined by Metropolitan Ilarion.) specifically mentioning 948 as the year when the inhabitants of the Steppe under the leader named Kasak or Kazak routed the Khazars from the area of modern Kuban and organized a state called Kazakia or Cossackia. But because of the need of both the Reds and the anti-Bolshevick forces to deny any Cossack ethnicity the traditional post-imperial historiography dates the emergence of Cossacks to the 14-15th centuries. Academician Zabelin mentioned that peoples of prairies and of the woods had always needed "a live frontier", and even ancient Borisphenites and Tanaites could be the predecessors of Cossacks, not only Khazars, which assimilated/included Severians, Goths, Scythians and other ancient inhabitants, as insisted the Cossack folklore, Constution of Pylyp Orlik, numerous Cossack historians or Khazar Varangians, as claimed the official legal history of the Russian empire. The origins of the first Cossacks are uncertain.
